The fly larvae also feed on dung constituents and both adults and larvae may therefore be exposed to residues of synthetic pyrethroids.
They swallow the seeds of the majority of these and disperse them by depositing them intact in dung.
For germination trials, seeds were collected from fresh elephant dung (passed) and fresh fruits (unpassed) and planted in seedling cups filled with soil.
They did not have brass pots, so they used mostly unglazed pottery which cannot stand 'any fire fiercer than the smouldering one given by dung'.
A second set of three independent experiments was performed to assess the effect of endectocide treatment on dung degradation.
The apparent discrepancy between the low effect of moxidectin on insects versus its effect of dung degradation suggests the confounding action of other unidentified factors.
One of its constituent parts is the animal dung that contains only material that has passed through the animal digestive system.
For each collection day and cattle group the dung was thoroughly mixed and then frozen until needed.
