But such organized resistance was rare, and once called up, few soldiers dodged conscription and even fewer deserted.
These have included publications exploring popular medicine, the introduction of compulsory education for children, and, most dramatically of all, the imposition of military conscription.
They paid taxes, obeyed administrators and contributed to military conscription, but strived to maintain cultural hegemony over what they considered as their sacred space.
One possibility is simply under-registration of males because they were escaping military conscription.
The repeated and prolonged military campaigns would not have been possible without military conscription: its impact on the agricultural economy was far from negligible.
This approach would invoke the kind of logic that undergirds national conscription in times of military need.
One of the first two major inquiries focused on the issue of labour and conscription.
The state's implementation of conscription was obstructed by limited bureaucratic and coercive capacity, and by the continued political autonomy of the regions.
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