Crown architecture is one of the factors affecting sapling leaf area.
These facts suggest that drought might be one of the important factors affecting leaf fall in saplings of this species.
Micro-environmental changes following gap creation allow seed germination, seedling establishment and sapling recruitment.
In mixed forest, 0.3 ha was sampled for both saplings and seedlings.
Mature trees supported more and different chrysomelid species than conspecific saplings.
Responses to canopy openings in architectural development of saplings in eight deciduous broad-leaved tree species.
Therefore, the crown architectural and leaf traits strongly influence the growth and survival of saplings.
For saplings and seedlings we calculated density and basal area only.
