All water traps tested caught significantly higher numbers of moths than sticky delta traps with open sides under farmers' field conditions.
Oviposition on fodder maize is attributed to this, last, main flight of moths at the close of the summer season.
The evolutionary discussions take the form of an orderby-order treatment of the ballooning behaviours and the ecological phylogenetics of spiders, spider mites and moth larvae.
Stem- and cobborer larvae were separated and reared on stem or cob pieces until adult moth or parasitoid emergence.
Data in the succeeding section on moth emergence in the winter serve to explain the increase in oviposition.
The methods of obtaining information on the course of moth emergence are described.
Reference is made to this in later discussions of moth emergence data.
For spider mites and moth larvae, ballooning is generally used to facilitate local dispersal.
