0 a part of an atom with a positive electrical charge -- proton
The model presented here represents a first, basic step in considering the acceleration of protons by fast electrons inside solid targets.
The distance between the proton production foil and cylinder and the distance between the cylinder and detector were varied throughout the experiment.
In the general case of mobile heavies, the motion of all three populations (electrons, protons and heavies) becomes strongly coupled.
About 30 % of the amide protons exchanged with deuterons after 3 hours.
In the intermediate frequency regime lying between the alpha and proton gyrofrequencies, a negative energy alpha-acoustic mode interacts with a positive energy protoncyclotron mode.
In the images darker regions correspond to higher proton densities in the probe beam cross section.
In this paper, we address the mechanism of the generation of images of micro-grooves machined into the rear surface of the target with laser-accelerated protons.
Lowering of green fluorescence by constant red fluorescence possibly indicates exhaustion of the proton-pumping machinery in phagolysosomes occupied by indigestible particles.
