Przykłady testa

• This testa probably reduced the rate of water loss and protected the embryo from physical injury.

• In four instances, the testa was removed from one end of the seed and the fleshy cotyledons eaten from the centre.

• In both species, seeds lacking testae began to soften about day 8, were often attacked by fungus, and had rotted completely by day 10.

• In this work, emphasis is placed on the existence of seed mutants having major alterations in characteristics of the testa and hormonal response.

• The testa epidermis is peculiar in that the outer walls of dry seeds are invaginated, while they bulge outwards in wetted seeds.

• Seeds were considered germinated when the embryo had just ruptured the testa.

• It is, therefore, tempting to ascribe more rapid completion of germination to an ethyleneinsensitive testa developing in an ethylene-insensitive environment.

• Progress of testa rupture is facilitated by channels underlying the ridges.

• The molecular data presented here are consistent with the anatomical and biochemical differences between the wild-type and the mutant testae.

• The completion of germination was defined as the radicle visibly protruding from the testa.

• A slow rate of ethylene production was found in these seeds, the testa being the source.

• The mutant 20-dpa testa did not stain blue (instead it stained purple), and hypodermal cells were not reticulated (data not shown).

• I suggested a mechanical function of the testa.

• Small bites had been taken from another seed although there was no evidence that the testa had first been removed.

• From a small area of the dry seed surface the testa was removed and 5 mg of flour was scratched from the cotyledons.