Przykłady geothermal

• Microbial life can thus exist in isolated geothermal refuges despite long-term subfreezing surface conditions.

• The geothermal gradient data in this study are derived from systematic steady-state measurements, oil and gas testing, and temperature logging.

• This section presents some indirect and direct evidence of hydrogen production in the seafloor and in continental geothermal systems.

• Often permafrost has disappeared because the geothermal heat flux is slightly greater than elsewhere.

• As the authors point out, geothermal energy is, at best, a semi-renewable resource, akin to 'mining' heat from the ground.

• Nearisothermal decompression and partial melting indicate a high geothermal gradient.

• The trade-off between geothermal gradient and denudation generally means that the two thermal methods may overestimate denudation.

• Monitoring is also important in the case of reinjection of cooled geothermal water, which is much preferable to surface disposal on environmental grounds.

• A non-volcanic, topographydriven geothermal system, harboring a microbiological community, operates in an extremely cold environment and discharges through solid ice.

• The most important temperature data used to characterize the geothermal field of sedimentary basins are those from systematic steady-state temperature measurements and well tests.

• This process also increases the depth extent of the high geothermal gradients in the mid-upper crust, potentially promoting conditions for crustal melting.

• The rather high geothermal gradients suggested by this calculation may well result from regional magmatism, as discussed above.

• Tests on the subsurface would require locating geothermal regions associated with ground ice and sampling the ice for geochemical analysis.

• However, three indices lend support to geothermal activity, just not necessarily mantle derived.

• It decided to keep the shaft open until it would be possible to organise regular geothermal observations within it.