Przykłady colic

• The common type of colic cry, without organic alterations, follows a diurnal rhythm and occurs mainly in the afternoon and early evening hours.

• Factorial designs would compare "manipulative," "colic," and "honest" (pain or hunger) cries.

• Accordingly, we selectively focus on adaptive hypotheses that assume that colic allows infants to extract additional investment from their parents.

• In a minority of cases colic has known organic etiology, but in these cases infants exhibit symptoms in addition to excessive crying.

• His review highlights the fact that we cannot yet adequately explain the early crying curve or the prevalence of colic.

• Is the excessive crying associated with colic a manifestation of developmental delay or disregulation?

• I have argued in this target article that colic is not a manifestation of infant temperament.

• Another possibility is that colic is a conditional strategy activated by prenatal or perinatal environmental cues.

• The honest signal hypotheses assume that colic is costly to infants.

• For example, colic is a frequent complaint brought to pediatricians and a common reason for giving up breast-feeding.

• Assuming that colic does indeed have fitness costs, there are two possibilities.

• Despite increased crying, however, infants with colic did not show any differences in heart rate, vagal tone, or cortisol secretion during the examination.

• Similar to the other adaptive hypotheses, the manipulation hypothesis requires evidence that colic is effective in extracting additional parental investment.

• Changing the reinforcement regime of colicky babies during the natural peak in colic predisposition may not be easy.

• Excessive criers labeled as having colic are simply those individuals who show the most extreme form of an otherwise normal and universal crying curve.