As indicated above, vaccination by injection appears to induce protective antibodies in the environment of the uterine cervix.
Vaccination must be updated yearly, in order to take into account the genetic/antigenic evolution of wildtype influenza viruses.
We adopted a meta-population framework to model local aggregation of populations, and used this to investigate the effects of vaccination heterogeneity.
Unfortunately, not all horses react in the same way to the vaccines, with some ' poor responders ' showing low levels of antibody after vaccination [1].
The vaccination was administered by deep intramuscular injection in the deltoid muscle.
Strategy 0 : no change in policy : single-dose vaccination at the existing coverage (70 or 90 %).
This allows for identification of areas with ongoing poliovirus transmission and implementation of appropriate vaccination responses.
Particular emphasis was given to the impact of repeated vaccination on the risk of influenza in elderly subjects.
