Our example suggests that upper tiers tend to reduce, but not eliminate, overall malapportionment.
Each of these tiers can be regarded as encapsulating a necessary but not suf ficient condition for a sustainable reduction in poverty.
I would have thought that proposals for a better economic arrangement and democratization at all tiers of government should have received greater prominence.
The regional hospitals are supposed to be the first to acquire a new technology, followed by the lower tiers.
In theory, the hospital tiers provide a clear hierarchy for acquisition of sophisticated new technologies.
The split between the two tiers is a split of point of view.
Many of the countries in the study have multiple tiers of benefit provision with employment-based arrangements occupying a central place.
Because upper tiers tend mathematically to reduce malapportionment, this factor should be associated with lower levels of malapportionment.
