The arterial trunks and their branches were normal, and the arterial ligament was normally situated.
This may rarely extend into the broad ligament.
These finite-amplitude waves can cause local instability and in some cases even cause break-up of the ligament.
These waves have a wavelength smaller than the local circumference of the ligament and should therefore be stable.
The net result is that the point of separation occurs away from the neck and the neck portion of the liquid column becomes the ligament.
Thus, in the beginning, the two pointed ends of the ligament contract to form two swells in an effort to equalize the pressure distribution.
After death and decay of ligaments, a loosely sutured echinoderm would be easily attacked by infaunal scavengers/predators.
It is found that the size of the ligament increases with decreasing wave-number.
