Eksempler på proton

• The model presented here represents a first, basic step in considering the acceleration of protons by fast electrons inside solid targets.

• The distance between the proton production foil and cylinder and the distance between the cylinder and detector were varied throughout the experiment.

• In the general case of mobile heavies, the motion of all three populations (electrons, protons and heavies) becomes strongly coupled.

• About 30 % of the amide protons exchanged with deuterons after 3 hours.

• In the intermediate frequency regime lying between the alpha and proton gyrofrequencies, a negative energy alpha-acoustic mode interacts with a positive energy protoncyclotron mode.

• In the images darker regions correspond to higher proton densities in the probe beam cross section.

• In this paper, we address the mechanism of the generation of images of micro-grooves machined into the rear surface of the target with laser-accelerated protons.

• Lowering of green fluorescence by constant red fluorescence possibly indicates exhaustion of the proton-pumping machinery in phagolysosomes occupied by indigestible particles.

• The changes in the target emission coordinates and the decrease of the partial beam divergence with increasing proton energy are shown.

• The coordinates of the proton sources represented by four quadrangles are (0, 195), (0, 495), (0, 990), and (390, 0).

• The proton beam was applied to probing large-scale laserproduced plasmas, both in face-on and side-on configurations.

• Due to reorganization of water protons, there was a concomitant increase in bulk and free water, but a decrease in bound water.

• Laser-driven proton scaling laws and new paths towards energy increase.

• The plain, dotted and crossed bars denote protons associated with more, less and least mobilities, respectively.

• In this specific case, the protons are not well focused by the static electric potential.