The antennae are almost parallel-sided, and twice as long as their diameter, mounted on small papillae within clear, circular areas of cuticle.
The egg shells and cuticles of the prey are thickened to prevent the parasitoid from penetrating them.
The cuticles bear structures which have been described as representing stomata.
Much of the success of tenebrionid beetles in desert habitats is due to the development of impermeable cuticles.
The mine starts in random loops and later fills all space between cuticles.
At this stage of development the shed cuticle (3) was much thicker than (2), which at this stage consisted only of the epicuticle.
Since this protein does not show turnover, it is suggested that the cuticle surface is a very stable structure.
Attachment of endospores to the cuticle of the nematode is the first stage in the infection process.
