0 a person’s words as they are reported rather than in the form in which they were said -- ucapan tak langsung
Such expressions can have a directive force, and then bear a similarity to indirect speech acts.
The indirect speech act represents the speaker's real intention and the direct serves as a disguise.
And this process was facilitated by the blurry distinction between direct and indirect speech in this period.
Encumbered by the addition of the gif-clause, a complex dependent sentence reveals facts about indirect speech that a simple dependent sentence cannot.
They observe that sentences in free indirect speech are excluded from their analysis, because they are simply 'backshifted', and not properly 'irrealis'.
The cases of free indirect speech should be treated along with examples like (20) or (21) as instances of mental space embeddings.
The second type of indirect speech acts is those utterances whose interpretations are heavily dependent on the context.
Consider the traditional distinction between direct and indirect speech.
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