Debates about futility are debates about specific interpretations of the basic concept.
In the futility design, the active treatment group is generally compared to a pre-determined threshold value(s) based on clinical judgment or historical data.
However, in the intensive care unit futility is in the eye of the few beholders who see patient care according to the curative mode.
An intervention may yield results slightly worse than the futility threshold, but would not be rejected as futile.
These relationships contrasted between and within vertebrate groups, underlining the futility of searching for an all-encompassing functional explanation for all vertebrates.
Bringing clarity to the futility debate: are the cases wrong?
These characteristics of futility decisions are challenges to the baby-boomer ethos and are therefore likely to produce resistance.
What is astonishing is that these apes, in the face of so much futility, persist in their attempts to manipulate people through intentional communication.
