Contoh tapeworm

• For tapeworms follow up 2 or 3 months post-treatment was also performed.

• To date however, the effect of an intestinal adult tapeworm on leucocyte migration from the pronephros has not been ascertained.

• The individual points for each proglottid number represent the measurements for the individual tapeworms.

• The actual number of tapeworms used for each set of measurements is indicated in the results section.

• The length of the tapeworms varied from 3 to 40 mm.

• Cross-sections of 176 proglottids were obtained from randomly selected sections of strobilae from 12 tapeworms.

• Transmission to humans occurs when eggs of the tapeworm, excreted by the final hosts (usually foxes but also dogs, wolves and cats), are ingested accidentally.

• Copepods were starved the day before experimental infection with tapeworms.

• The rats were infected on different days and using different batches of cysticercoids, and the mean number of tapeworms recovered was 26.

• Previous studies indicate that the interaction between the tapeworm and its copepod intermediate host is characterized by a high degree of specificity.

• Since some tapeworms had fewer proglottids than others, there are fewer data points for the higher proglottid numbers.

• Despite much interest in molecular phylogeny, molecular studies dealing with families and genera of tapeworms are scarce.

• The bottom graph summarizes the relationship between the lengths and widths of individual proglottids (237 proglottids from 21 tapeworms).

• Half of the copepods received a mixed exposure, using mixtures of the same three tapeworm sibships to infect 12 copepods on each 24-well plate.

• Indeed, increased mortality would be maladaptive for the tapeworms, because only live copepods are ingested by the subsequent host.