Contoh periwinkle

• For each of the test seawater solutions, 10 replicate trials were carried out on cercariae from 3 different periwinkles.

• Replicates were nested within periwinkles, and periwinkles nested within experimental condition.

• Means were calculated from the longevity of cercariae from 3 periwinkles (100 cercariae per periwinkle).

• Mean values represent the fastest 10 cercariae of 10 replicates carried out for 3 cercarial releases from different periwinkles.

• Some differences in swimming rate and longevity between cercariae originating from different ' clean ' periwinkles were found, but only for cercariae exposed to heavy metal solutions.

• Noticeable differences in shell shape of parasitized and uninfected periwinkles were investigated.

• The periwinkle was removed after the allotted time and the shell height measured and recorded.

• This protocol was repeated 10 times for each batch of cercariae from each periwinkle, taking less than 30 min per batch.

• Using mounted needles the reproductive tissue and digestive gland were teased apart to ascertain the presence/absence of periwinkle brood or trematode presence.

• For each test seawater solution 10 replicate trials using cercariae from each of 3 periwinkles were carried out.

• It remains an open question whether young children can benefit from a more implicit form of contrast (as in the ' periwinkle ' example above).

• The periwinkle effects found for longevity of cercariae released by periwinkles from polluted sites are also consistent with varying tolerance, although they could reflect differing metal accumulation.

• It was also confirmed that periwinkles were not affected.

• Specific botanical types include poppies, sunflowers, daisies, violets, carnations, periwinkle and lily-of the-valley.

• Other extracts from periwinkle help lower blood sugar in diabetics and are the basis for powerful tranquilizers.