Examples of propulsion

• Only with the high exit velocities possible with pulsed laser ablation propulsion is it possible to overcome this problem.

• The gradient in muscle tension created along the intestine (increased in jejunum and decreased in ileum) may promote propulsion of worms in the lumen.

• Propulsion obtains the dimensions it requires from hull, determines the ver tical center of gravity for stability, and provides total thrust to resistance.

• This hopper included a translational offset mass in order to cause the tipping action that helped in forward propulsion.

• This is a useful generalized account, serving as an introduction to the short discussion of hypersonic propulsion that is given later.

• Also, carangiform propulsion is more convenient for engineering realization.

• Calculated efficiencies are found to be insufficient for propulsion applications that require short periods of acceleration but ion-beam propulsion shows some potential for prolonged flights.

• Here, the selective pressures for efficient maintenance of high-speed propulsion appear to be responsible for the convergent evolution of caudal fins of high aspect ratio.