0 the theory, developed by Michael Porter, that a business can get an advantage over other similar businesses in three ways, by cost leadership (= being a low-cost producer), by differentiation (= offering products that are different and that have added value in relation to quality), or by focus (= selling to a part of a market with particular needs)
We can complete it step by step however long the road is and it can't be completed however short the road is if you don't even mark your footprint.