Humans become infected directly by ingesting the embryonated eggs from contaminated hands, food, soil or water.
Thus, this study does not seem to indicate that copepods avoided ingesting parasites.
The parrots may have been removing the seed coat before ingesting the cotyledons.
Moreover, searching for, capturing, and ingesting prey can have associated costs (energetic and survival) to the consumer.
Infection of the definitive hosts occurs by ingesting the ants which harbour infective metacercariae.
Cysticercosis is acquired by ingesting tapeworm eggs shed in human faeces.
Benefits of ingesting a parasite could, for example, be energetic gains.
Humans acquire the infection by ingesting infected molluscs with third-stage infective larvae, which migrate to the brain, spinal cord, and eyes, causing severe clinical manifestations.
