Departures from the standard neutral model can be thought of in light of the effect they have on the shape of the genealogical tree.
Genealogical seniority would account for rank differences, as well as the coexistence of kin-based and state-based groupings.
In other words, the genealogical relationship would stop to exist as a morally-charged and trustworthy bond.
These developments affected the genealogical system, making it increasingly patrilinear.
Due to these anticipated complications, only a very limited number of experimental studies have been performed to test the applicability of microsatellites for genealogical inference.
A different approach to the genealogical inference of closely related species takes advantage of variation shared across groups.
It would be interesting to investigate the effects of barriers to gene flow on genealogical structure in more detail.
The genealogical analyses were conducted in three major steps.
