Twenty-five states have passed anti-predatory lending laws.
Their anti-predatory behaviors are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to their wild-caught counterparts.
Again, the amount and rate of tongue flicks was used to quantify the anti-predatory response, as well as any defensive acts taken upon the swab.
Shoaling guppies spend less time and energy on anti-predatory behavior than solitary ones and spend more time on feeding.
A third hypothesis for an anti-predatory effect of animal aggregation is the encounter dilution effect.
The anti-predatory responses moved elk further into the trees and away from young aspen groves.
It absolutely affects the anti-predator response of both juvenile and adult garter snakes; without sufficient energy production the snake can not exhibit any anti-predatory response.
A cost associated with group foraging is increased resource competition, which in turn may reduce anti-predatory vigilance due to the intensity of foraging.