Examples of vole

• In contrast to small rodents such as wood mice and voles, and perhaps surprisingly, larger rodents such as rats have been relatively neglected by helminthologists.

• However, the infectivity of voles was much higher than that of mice.

• It is therefore extremely unlikely that there was any systematic difference between the voles in our treatment groups.

• Quantitative associations were confined to the 2 vole species in the study.

• In total, 109 (19 %) bank voles and 12 (8 %) wood mice were infected.

• Since infected voles survive for several months, some of the voles trapped were probably infected before or shortly after the beginning of baiting.

• All voles were culled and weighed, and blood smears prepared from blood taken from the heart.

• Also, the massive infection can disturb the locomotion and escape ability of the voles making them more susceptible to predation by arctic foxes.