Examples of unemployment benefits

• So far, early-retirement benefits have generally been higher than disability and unemployment benefits.

• Unemployment benefits also became less generous in relation to incomes in work.

• Unemployment benefits are now part of taxable income.

• Additionally, unemployment benefits may be targeted at quite different age groups across countries and across time.

• The unemployed wished for more financing for unemployment benefits and social assistance and single parents claimed more financing of child benefits and family benefits.

• High income-earners criticised the level of unemployment benefits and social assistance substantively less than low-income earners.

• Contrasting social norms have long been suspected of also playing a fundamental role in the evolution of social benefits, and notably unemployment benefits.

• But there is considerable crossnational variation in the extent to which claimants' unemployment benefits are reduced or refused for reasons of 'administrative infractions', beyond that.