Natural phenomena such as mass extinctions, supernovae and gamma ray bursters are more problematic for civilization.
Experiments to produce a hydrodynamically unstable spherically diverging system of relevance to instabilities in supernovae.
Some grains have formed in carbon stars, some in nova or supernovae, while others are of indeterminable origin.
Possible radiation sources include flares from late-type parent stars, gamma-ray bursts, and gamma-ray lines from supernovae.
Most cosmic rays will scatter and add a contribution comparable to the background from supernovae.
They paid particular attention in the inner region to having an environment free of what they refer to as 'life-extinguishing ' supernovae.
Jets produced by these cones are used to study the physics of jets occurring in supernovae and in star-forming accretion disks.
Chapter 2 takes us further afield to examine how supernovae seed the elements of life into the interstellar medium.
