Examples of stiffness

• More potential is also achievable by recognising that there are m free variable joint stiffnesses in equation (7).

• The clinical significance of the increased pulmonary arterial stiffness in the absence of stenosis remains to be clarified.

• The main characteristics and advantages, with respect to open-chain manipulators, are recognized as greater stiffness, better accuracy and larger payload.

• The stiffness of the virtual springs is determined using the structural properties of the flexible links as shown in reference [20].

• In order to obtain the maximum global stiffness, seven architecture parameters will be considered as optimization variables, for a certain configuration.

• Application of genetic algorithms to stiffness optimization of laminated composite plates with stress-concentrated open holes.

• Moreover, the stiffness of each leg is improved due to the presence of the circular guide.

• The main clinical features are muscle stiffness, cramps and twitching (myokymia), which may be localized or generalized.