Examples of stenosis

• In all patients, the gradient could be reduced, and the stenosis enlarged significantly.

• In patients without pulmonary stenosis, the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure increased concomitantly with the pressure elastic modulus.

• Subaortic stenosis caused by anomalies of the atrioventricular valves.

• The patient had absence of the right atrioventricular connection, with concordant ventriculo-arterial connections, and naturally occurring pulmonary stenosis.

• Be that as it may, disease can afflict the annulus, the leaflets or the tension apparatus to produce stenosis, incompetence or both.

• In this report, we describe our experience in seven patients with congenital mitral stenosis, four of whom underwent successful percutaneous balloon valvotomy.

• Males are more frequently affected with hare lip and cleft palate and pyloric stenosis while females are more prone to congenital dislocation of the hip.

• Injections into each of the pulmonary veins revealed tight stenoses of all veins at the veno-atrial junction, especially the right upper and middle pulmonary veins.