Examples of redox

• This enables investigation of molecule-protein interactions, light-induced reactions, protein folding, and redox reactions.

• Reactions are, therefore, non-adiabatic and the essential electronic interaction between redox cofactors must be mediated by the polypeptide matrix.

• These are dependent on redox gradients for obtaining energy in the hot, deep, sediment-laden water of the early oceans.

• Ichnofossils and ichnofabrics in rhythmically bedded pelagic/hemi-pelagic carbonates: recognition and evaluation of benthic redox and scour cycles.

• Symmetrical placement of the redox centers produces the minimum transfer times.

• The near-linear arrangement of redox cofactors forms a redox potential gradient that favors short-range chargeseparation reactions.

• The actual redox chemistry that applies in these situations is dependent on the microbiology of the system.

• Here we report on progress in redox-controlled micelle-to-vesicle transition, peptide formation and the coupling of these two processes.