0 the amount of force that keeps two surfaces touching, but does not let them come apart or press further together
1 the amount of force that keeps two surfaces touching, but does not let them come apart or press further together
In order for wheel slippage not to occur, the frictional force must not overcome the normal force multiplied by the coefficient of friction.
We formulated a set of expressions to derive the normal force and the shearing force by taking into account this modification.
It therefore becomes necessary to measure not only the normal force but also the shearing force.
Figure 8 shows the relationship between the integrated gray-scale value and the applied normal force.
In the previous study, we adopted contact areas to obtain values of applied normal force.
Finally, the integrated gray-scale value remains constant, even if the normal force increases.
The second term is also used for defining a virtual normal velocity, in order to find the normal force.
This result suggests that the expressions can estimate the normal force and the shearing force in wide-load regions.
