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Abu Dhabi's sabkhas are well worth preserving.
Sabkha is an Arabic word for a flat depression, usually close to water, and covered with salt crust.
The lower-rank cycles in the saline pan/sabkha deposits consist of alternating dark and lighter gypsum, consisting of microgranular gypsum grown within shales and vertically aligned gypsum crystals, respectively.
The climate variations lead to the very dynamic nature of a sabkha.
In drier parts of the sabkha the gypsum can be altered to anhydrite and the aragonite can be dolomitized diagenetically.
In the "khor-lagoon-sabkha" model, an initial rise in sea-level floods coastal areas and creates shallow water features.
Mature sabkhas are only flooded after heavy rainstorms and may eventually coalesce to form a sabkha coastal plain.
As the sea withdrew around 230 million years ago, fluvial, mudflat, sabkha, and shallow marine environments developed, depositing gypsum (from lagoon evaporites), mudstones, limestones, sandstones, shales, and siltstones.
Halite is deposited on the surface of the sabkha and gypsum and aragonite precipitate in the subsurface via capillary action from brines brought up from the water table.
The net rate of evaporation from the sabkha can be as much as an order of magnitude less and has averaged 6 cm for the last 4,000 to 5,000 years.
An immature sabkha will be inundated during higher than normal spring tides, after rainstorms, or when driving winds push seawater onshore to a depth of a few centimeters.
However, after rains and flash-floods, the sabkha fill with shallow layers of water, and can not be crossed until they dry out to form a new crust.
Evaporites are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary, 'secondary' corresponding to diagenetic (including sabkha textures and mineralogies) and 'tertiary' to evaporites in the exhumation stage.
The reason for this was probably that the sediments were deposited largely under sabkha conditions and therefore were particularly prone to exposure and freshwater flushing.
During subsequent episodes of sulphate and chloride deposition, dense, residual brines were formed in saline lagoon, sabkha and playa environments.
Complete cycles were produced by the upward gradation from central to marginal environments of the lake or saline pan-sabkha system.
The sediment samples studied have a distinctive spectral signature owing to the vibration absorption features and photosynthetic pigments of the stratified microbial community that populate the sabkha environment.
