Neural networks that learn and reproduce various styles of harmonization.
Second, as in a common market different environmental standards may lead to distortion of competition, the harmonization of standards is often demanded by political actors.
Competition does not matter much if cooperation has already reached the aim of total harmonization.
The culmination of a decade-long process of harmonization and negotiation, this invitation symbolized the success of these countries in instituting political democracies and market economies.
Harmonization of environmental standards across countries can have significant effects on the location of businesses and geographic dispersion of emissions.
However, there was a kind of regulatory 'race to the top' of car emissions standards that was driven by the desire for harmonization.
In these cases, there are neither harmonization incentives to avoid market segmentations, nor do national governments have the opportunity to erect exceptional trade barriers.
The harmonization advantage is large for technology avoiding exhaust emissions.
