0 soft, slimy mud, grease or other matter which settles at the bottom of a liquid -- slam
The riverbed is covered with thick sludge.
Increased erosion also reduces the life of reservoirs, makes additional water treatment necessary and creates greater sludge disposal problems.
Farmers use different types of sludge, depending on preference and availability.
The development of filamentous bacterial structures leads to biological aggregates with low density and poor settling properties, usually called "bulking sludge".
The municipal authority frowns at this practice even though no alternative sludge treatment is available.
Quantification of different phylogenetic groups showed differences in the population structure between the supernatants and the settled sludge.
Huge amounts of organic materials are in the form of farm waste, city waste, sewage sludge, poultry litter and agro-industrial wastes1,2.
These include aerobic lagoons, activated sludge processes and trickling filters.
On-site sanitation: when the pits are full - planning for resource protection in faecal sludge management.
