While politicians and oil magnates argued the case for exploitation, conservationists fought to keep the region pristine.
At most, the ruler might delay pardon, ignoring the magnate as he did so.
Thirty of the remaining eightyfive families, one third (35.3 per cent) of the surviving group, managed to establish themselves as magnates in the interval.
Both magnates had founded their fortunes to some extent on their star female partners.
Frequently, the personal aesthetic values of these magnates overturned audience preferences.
The majority of recruits were landed magnates, proprietors of estates of 10,000 acres or more.
If the majority of new peers were magnates, the crown also ennobled a substantial group of smaller landowners.
Throughout our period the crown consistently elevated men to the peerage who were not magnates.
