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There have been reports of some localised fumarole activity during the past 100 years, and a new lava flow broke out only 20 years ago.
For lava, the dome is unlikely to be vertically isothermal because the diffusivity is small.
Geologically, the only reasonable conclusion is that the lavas were erupted subaerially, or perhaps emplaced as sills close to the surface in some cases.
The writer merges memory with botanical and geological discoveries and investigation, family lore with descriptions of lava flows, poetry and the narrative essay.
These conglomerates are composed of clasts of basalt, volcaniclastic sandstone, alkaline lava and sub-rounded chert.
Given the relative efficiency of convection compared to conduction, this stage would probably be short compared with the time it takes the lava to freeze.
It is important to note that our model assumes that the lava was erupted in an isothermal state at its melting temperature.
And where would we place fire and smoke, not to mention liquids of all kinds from ink to volcanic lava?
To the east of the laguna the lavas contain angular xenoliths of more basic lava, while to the west they appear massive and lack xenoliths.
Several previous studies of lava domes have chosen a more practical route and conducted laboratory experiments with analogue fluids.
Stratigraphic relationships between lava flows for different zones are shown in inset table.
Subsequent lavas were less voluminous, with higher silica content and lower effusion rate, forming multiple flows.
The latter consist mainly of basaltic pillowed and massif lava flows.
Pyroclastic products are widespread and include lapilli tuff, lithic tuff, agglomerate and pyroclastic breccia; compositionally similar lava flows are massive or blocky.
The breccia contains a variety of boulders, dominated by vesicular basalt and phonolitic lavas.
