Simultaneously, their emigration risks increased because younger siblings tended to drive away older siblings.
Given a positive growth rate, emigration remains a possible explanation of a decreasing population.
Second, the governments of the emigration destination countries can and should do more to improve the quality of life of migrants and their retired parents.
Some of the female emigration was accounted for by women joining their husbands.
Immigration and emigration was assumed to be negligible (except where indicated).
Sociolinguistic interviews are based on thematic modules focusing on education, work, men's and women's roles, and difficulties associated with emigration and immigration.
The geographical isolation limits educational opportunities, knowledge of opportunities elsewhere, and kinship ties in cities and towns which would help emigration.
Moreover, the island was largely closed to immigration and emigration so that losses could be assigned strictly to mortality.
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