Structural damage to each tree was recorded: trunk snap, branch damage, bark damage, or a leaning bole.
In that disturbance, 10% of the boles were damaged and 15 months' equivalent of pine needle litter fell.
Crown widths were then measured on either side of the bole, and sketches made of each tree in the field.
The buckets were fixed mid-way between the tree bole and canopy edge.
Pods were counted on four 1-m wide transects radiating 10-m out from the tree bole.
He notes that bole cannot be used in all contexts in which an initial complementizer could be used.
Trees that were pushed over tended to snap rather than uproot, indicating that the anchorage capacity exceeds bole strength under such conditions.
Correlation was attempted to determine the relationships between liana infestation and tree morphology (mean branch free bole height and bark texture).
