0 (part of) the very large area of land in North Asia, North America, and northern Europe where, because it is cold, trees do not grow and ground below the surface is permanently frozen: --
1 any of the very large, flat areas of land in northern parts of Asia, North America, and Europe where, because it is cold, trees do not grow and the earth below the surface is permanently frozen --
Under these conditions, timely response might increase potential for successful tundra restoration.
A disadvantage of modern methods of reindeer-herding is that the vegetation on tundra underlain by permafrost is severely damaged by the passage of motorized vehicles.
After 10 freeze-thaw cycles, the bacterial plate counts from modern tundra soil and syncryogenic layers did not change significantly.
Subsequent product recovery does not preclude residual contamination in tundra after ground refreezing.
The results show the expansion of forest into the tundra.
Children who live near a tundra will probably learn the word's meaning through perceptual information.
It is one of the most widespread cryogenic forms in terms of the area occupied, second only to patchy tundra.
However, response and recovery methods must consider lateral containment, and must be weighed against their potential to damage tundra.
