Moreover, under the experimental conditions of our assay, production of eggs, pupae and adults did not correlate with low amounts of acyl sugars.
Successive seasons are linked through the surviving number of over-wintering larvae or pupae or, in the case of pink bollworm, individuals emerging from diapause.
These had high variances but there was no evidence of any difference between the survival probabilities of male and female pupae.
The aggressive reaction by residents decreases rapidly allowing parasites to break open opercula and extract larvae and pupae without disturbance.
Pupae from five larviposition days were scanned 1-12 days before adult emergence.
Three days after the emergence of new adults, the total number of pupae and empty pupal cases on all leaves of every plant were recorded.
Thus, if pupae are found near the crown of trees, the standardized cocoon height value should be close to one.
The figures in parentheses represent the predicted or observed number of day-degrees accumulated by larvae/ pupae since the start of the investigation.
