The potential for future fruit fly invasions is of great concern to regulatory agencies and domestic growers.
Traps were hung, wherever possible, in fruit fly host trees at approximately 1.8 m above the ground.
Further, fruit fly assemblages from individual rain-forest hosts were also species poor, as they included up to three species.
The period gene in two species of tephritid fruit fly differentiated by mating behaviour.
Evaluating the potential competitive risk of new fruit fly parasitoids is prudent and will add to our understanding of the ecological factors influencing host selection.
As a result, quarantine restrictions have been imposed by many countries to limit further spread of fruit fly pests around the world.
It is therefore vital that quarantine workers can quickly and accurately identify any intercepted fruit fly species.
Analysis of flies bearing pollinaria, therefore, offers an indirect means of assessing the occurrence of fruit fly visitation to orchids.
