0 a trick or false statement that has the intention of deceiving someone: --
This is, in practice, considered as equivalent to dolus or fraud itself.
The view that foresight of only the "possibility" of the consequences resulting from an accuseds act is sufficient for "dolus eventualis" can now be regarded as settled law.
Indeed, some commentators consider "dolus" to be the appropriate standard.
Simple intention (dolus eventualis) is enough, except in cases where that would be illogical with the cover- up motive.
Once the creditor falls into mora, the debtor is liable only for dolus or culpa lata.
Criminal systems of the civil law tradition distinguish between intention in the broad sense ("dolus directus" and "dolus eventualis"), and negligence.
The fact that he had acted with "dolus indirectus" had also not been taken into account.
Seen in this light it is difficult to accept that proof of dolus excludes culpa.
It is the same as "dolus" in criminal law.
