Larvae bore into the ovary or corolla tube of disc or ray florets, moving from one floret to the next.
In general, another characteristic of this syndrome is rigidness of the corollas as an adaptation that minimizes possible damage caused by the pollinators upon extracting nectar.
Anther height and corolla-tube length showed the highest correlation coefficients (r > 0.9) for both morphs.
Preferential nectar robbing of flowers with long corollas: experimental studies of two hummingbird species visiting three plant species.
Generally, long corollas exclude short-billed trochilids, whereas short corollas allow access for both long- and short-billed species.
Two categories contained those flowers in which the corolla or perianth was at least partly fused into a tube.
This floral structure may act as a developmental constraint and generate positive anther- corolla correlations.
Corolla-tube length (a), anther height (b), stigma height (c), corolla-lobe length (d), stigma-lobe length (e), and anther length (f) were measured.