From the 116 completed questionnaires, 82 other children recorded at least one symptom, most commonly headache (41/116) and/or abdominal discomfort (33/116).
Weighted regressions were used for abdominals and sternopleurals as the sample sizes were not constant for all populations.
Open spiracles occur on the prothorax and first eight abdominal segments.
Cuticular prominences as in the two previous instars occur on all the thoracic and abdominal segments except the prothorax, disposed as in the previous instar.
First seven abdominal terga and sterna with densely and veryfinelyasperate ampullae, those of intermediate segments smaller, that of 7th tergum larger than the others.
Some patients may suffer from severe abdominal cramps, fever, chills, headache and myalgia, nausea and malaise.
From there, efferent impulses are carried by the vagus and phrenic nerves to the stomach and abdominal musculature, resulting in vomiting.
Symptoms included diarrhoea (100 %), abdominal cramps (76 %), vomiting (46 %), and fever (46 %).
