In summary, counting pitted erythrocytes provides an excellent and quantitative method with which to evaluate splenic function.
Like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging provides no functional information about splenic activity, unless a spleen-specific agent is used.
In summary, the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging in delineating splenic location, number, and size has not been proven in the heterotaxy syndromes.
A review of the published results, nonetheless, indicates difficulties in accurately detecting small amounts of splenic tissue in patients with atypical anatomy.
Newer spleen-specific agents such as superparamagnetic iron oxide may increase the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of splenic anatomy and function.
Morphological characteristics of the atria and their variations, including characteristics in the splenic syndromes.
Analysis of visceral heterotaxy according to splenic status, appendage morphology, or both.
Embolic complications included splenic infarct or abscess, coronary embolism with myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and peripheral limb embolization, but cerebral embolization was not included.
