0 the fact of light or sound being caused to change direction or to separate when it travels through water, glass, etc.
1 The absolute index of refraction is a calculation of the relationship between the speed of light moving through a medium (= substance) and the speed of light in a vacuum (= place with no matter in it)
Furthermore, in the shallow water, refraction implies that loci of constant phase are usually nearly parallel to the local coast line.
The propagation characteristics and wave damping can be examined from the real and imaginary components of the index of refraction.
Depth measurements were made by reading from the calibrated scale on the fine focusing adjustment without correction for refraction.
A further innovation can be found in the detailing of surface textures, especially reflections and refractions.
Tilting and refractions contain symbolful suggested figures, patterns, faces.
In this limit, the imaginary part of the collision frequency can be ignored and the index of refraction is unity.
About 30% of laser energy was lost in the results of reflection and refraction effects.
When the ratio is larger than one, the free and bound electrons are contributing with the same sign to the index of refraction.
