0 a line of rocks or sand just above or just below the surface of the sea, often dangerous to ships:
1 a line of rocks or sand at or near the surface of the sea:
a coral reef
Heterotrophic systems may be of different size and complexity such as an island, most cities, an oyster reef or a sewage treatment plant.
Do the restricted water volumes on the reef flat influence the success of parasites?
Relationship between cleaning rates and ectoparasite loads in coral reef fishes.
Small-scale fishing on coral reefs provides a useful setting in which to examine this question.
For our analysis we conceive of the coral reef resource as simply as possible.
Coral-microbial reefs of variable dimension are locally found in some of these sequences.
In contrast, on reefs with cleaners, fish had several small copepods.
One interesting conclusion is that one of the major controls on reef development is an intrinsic evolutionary component - the recruitment capacity of the macrofauna.
