0 to spend the winter in a particular place:
Temperature seems to be a major factor which affects the overwintering strategy the aphid follows in different regions.
Nevertheless, the role of the primary host in the distribution of genotypes that invest in different overwintering strategies has not been studied adequately.
Although oviposition height could be a crucial factor for the fitness of overwintering eggs, it has rarely been investigated.
Alternatively, this behaviour may have been selected as a mechanism to increase overwintering survival.
In their second year of development, most third instars overwintered in the subsoil (> 250 mm).
In the same area, the offspring generation of overwintering females was collected as eggs and firstinstar larvae within 12 breeding sites.
However, each of these species can also be grown as a shortseason cover crop or, if climate allows, as an overwintering cover crop.
At least in 1998, the exit of butterflies from overwintering sites was relatively sudden and coincided with the first spring rainfall event.
