Facial clefting results from a failure of either the lateral, medial and/or maxillary swellings to make contact because of abnormal growth.
Ocular coloboma associated with a solitary maxillary central incisor and growth failure: manifestations of holoprosencephaly.
The maxillary processes grow forward and medially below the lateral nasal processes.
The mandibular strut has as a branch the maxillary strut.
Fetuses with clefts also demonstrate altered tongue positioning, muscular activity and swallow patterns, which contributes to a variable distortion of the maxillary and premaxillary segments.
Both posterior coronoids have uneven rows of large denticles, with individual denticles approaching the size of adjacent maxillary teeth.
Because of maxillary hypoplasia the nose is short and upturning, with anteverted nostrils.
The maxillary processes develop as cephalic outgrowths from the mandibular process or first branchial arch.
