0 a person on a beach or at a swimming pool whose job is to make certain that the swimmers are safe and save them if they are in danger
1 a person on a beach or at a swimming pool whose job is to make certain that the people who swim are safe and to save them if they are in danger
Perhaps the intending swimmer does not speak the same language as the lifeguard or is too far away to hear her.
She would not so much be disagreeing with the lifeguard as unaware of the lifeguard's perspective.
The extent to which these processes enable the lifeguard to approximate what is for her the unique least-time path is of course an empirical question.
Lacking wings, the lifeguard is essentially confined to a two-dimensional surface.
In the absence of external physical constraints, the path taken by the lifeguard is necessarily determined by her own internal processes and representations.
Even if the lifeguard is an excellent swimmer, she can run across the sand more swiftly than she can swim through the water.
The lifeguard on duty watches as the event unfolds and does nothing to help.
So we each have a separate right to the plank, and based on that right, the lifeguard has a separate duty to each of us.
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