Какво означава involuntary на английски?

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involuntary Значение & определение

0 not done by choice; done unwillingly, or without the decision or intention of the person involved:
- A sharp tap on the knee usually causes an involuntary movement of the lower leg.
1 not done willingly, or not done intentionally:
- A sharp tap beneath the knee usually causes an involuntary movement of the lower leg.
- The driver of the vehicle was charged with involuntary manslaughter.
2 not done by choice, or not done as a result of someone's decision or intention:
- Involuntary unemployment means that you suffer a total loss of salary as the result of the loss of employment.
- The number of involuntary part-timers - people who couldn't get more hours or find a full-time job - is increasing.

This circuit is involved in the facilitation of both voluntary and involuntary movement.
Our model allows the retirement date to be either endogenous (voluntary) or exogenous (involuntary).
Voluntary versus involuntary admission status was noted (yes/no).
Those acts ordinarily regarded as voluntary differ from the involuntary in that they are created with will and power.
The second activity in each comparison we call voluntary, and the first we call involuntary.
Thus, it appears that there is no systematic association between rates of voluntary and involuntary movement.
In that model, cycles of period 2 can emerge in an economy where involuntary unemployment takes place.
Two of the three judges who delivered dissenting verdicts in this contempt case have since been retired, for technically legitimate but involuntary reasons.