0 underground water that is held in the soil and rocks
The powder identified as calcite in a fracture line of the substratum we believe originated from the penetration of calcareous deposits in ground water.
The alluvial soils of the study plots are fertile and the ground water level is at 70 cm below the surface.
The majority (58 %) is produced from ground water or by using artificial ground-water recharge technology.
The saturation of soil with waste-water led to increasing concentrations of harmful metallic and organic substances thereby impairing the quality of ground water.
According to the mechanism, the particles in an aquifer are moved by an alternating flow of ground water.
Gullying leads to rapid lowering of ground water tables.
Irrigators can also get ground water or contingent water rights, which can be used to fill dams or recharge aquifers.
The evidence from the raw data therefore points overwhelmingly in favour of piped water supplies as being less contaminated than ground water supplies.
